Causes, symptoms, treatment methods and prevention of osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis is a severe spinal disease as it can cause severe discomfort and lead to various complications.For this reason, it needs to be treated in a timely manner and correctly.This can be done at home with the help of medicines, folk remedies, physical education and physiotherapeutic procedures.All medical measures must be approved by a specialist, otherwise there is a risk of complications.

What is osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis is a degenerative spine disease (DDZP), leading to a violation of the structure of intervertebral vertebrae and discs.This causes a decrease in its elasticity and a change in form.For this reason, the interval between vertebrae is significantly reduced and spine instability is observed in this location.

With the pathological destruction of the tissues, nerve endings emanate from the spinal cord, which leads to the constant tension of the spine muscles.In this context, pain and other characteristic symptoms occur.Clinical signs are capable of differing depending on which segment has undergone degenerative disorders.The following departments are distinguished by spine condrosis:

• cervical;
• thoracic;
• lumbar.

If the pathological process affects various segments, this osteochondrosis is polysegent.Common disorders have complicated symptoms and are much more difficult to diagnose, as nearby and remotely located areas can be affected.For example, cervical and lumbar osteochondrosis.

Osteochondrosis stages

There are 4 stages of osteochondrosis:

1. First.It is characterized by initial disorders in the intervertebral disc area.Generally, at this stage, the cartilage, a surrounding vertebra, is covered with cracks.As a result, a lumen reduction begins between the records.
2. The second.The crack -covered fibrous ring is so narrow that the ligaments and muscles of the spine began to contact and rub each other.At this stage, a person can manifest the first painful syndrome.The second stage leads to the formation of the instability of the vertebrae.
3. The third.The cartilaginous posture between the discs occurs.The thinning is detected when performing radiography and the symptoms are pronounced, which is intense.At this stage, pain syndrome can be removed only using powerful medications.
4. Room.It is characterized by the excessive instability of the vertebrae, since bone growths are formed in them - osteophytes.They harm the nerve roots.Generally, at this stage, symptoms decrease a little, but manifest seasonally (peaks of exacerbation occur in autumn and spring).

Reasons

Osteochondrosis is able to develop against the history of the body's hypothermia, clear curves that cause the displacement of vertebrae, physical effort.Experts' opinion converges that the main reason for degenerative processes in the column is the inadequate distribution of the load in the spine column.

In addition, there are many factors that lead to this:

• weakness of the back muscles;
• sloppy;
• change in march during pregnancy;
• Curvature of the spine;
• weight lifting;
• Active sports and energy classes;
• be in an uncomfortable position for a long time;
• Sitting lifestyle.

In addition, osteochondrosis can be caused by other reasons:

• Violation of metabolic processes (lack of zinc, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and other elements of useful features);
• Body intoxication with chemicals;
• genetic predisposition;
• Consequences of infectious diseases;
• falls, bruises;
• hormonal violations;
• nervous shocks;
• Changing the elasticity of the nucleus.

Deviations in the development of the spine can cause degenerative and dystrophic changes.There are provocative factors such as abnormal ossification of the child's skeleton, inadequate physical activity and rapid growth.In this case, osteochondrosis is called youth or youth.

If it is not possible to establish the cause and time of the occurrence (at which age the degenerative process - developed - in adolescence or adult), the disease is called unspecified.

Symptoms

Osteochondrosis is capable of causing various symptoms, as each segment of the spine is responsible for allocating nerve endings to different organs and systems.

All manifestations are divided into 4 groups:

1. Statistical symptoms are associated with a physiological violation of the shape of the vertebrae.As a result, a person changes his posture, the mobility of the head worsens, difficulties with the straightening of the spine spine.
2. Neurological characteristics are formed against the background of nerve tissues.This leads to a violation of skin sensitivity and a decrease in the intensity of muscle contractions in certain areas of the body.If, at the early stage, pain syndrome manifests locally as the disease advances, it begins to affect remote areas.Neurology includes manifestations such as numbness, tingling and goose bumps.With osteochondrosis, a symptom of lacega is distinguished, which is called the tension symptom.It is associated with excessive tension of sciatic nerve fibers.It is caused by the violation of spinal nerves in the spine or spasm of the glute/lumbar muscles.
3. Possible vascular symptoms that occur at the bottom of squeezing the blood arteries.Generally, this is observed with osteochondrosis of the cervical region.In case of harmed blood flow in this area, oxygen deficiency occurs, as a result of which dizziness, a feeling of nausea and changes in the sympathetic nervous system appear.The latter are characterized by prolonged cramps and chronic ischemia in the internal organs.
4. Trophic symptoms called are distinguished.They are a combination of vascular and neurological disorders that lead to skin defects and ulcers.

Treatment

To successfully cure osteochondrosis, it is necessary to perform a detailed examination and establish a precise diagnosis.First, doctors perform an external examination of the patient, the collection of disease disease, after which they use laboratory methods and instrumental research.

There are 3 therapy methods:

• medicine;
• Physiotherapeutic;
• surgical.

A special diet, compliance with bed rest and cargo minimization in the spine is greater than the treatment of osteochondrosis.When resting, it is recommended to use a solid surface instead of a soft mattress.

At home, to treat the disease, you can resort to the first two methods.At the same time, it is advisable to combine them.To improve your action, you can introduce folkloric methods in therapy.

However, self -medication is extremely undesirable.All measures and procedures must be approved by a specialist.In osteochondrosis therapy, certain rules should be observed in the use of certain methods.

In addition, if the medical care has provided no results and the disease progresses, surgical treatment will be prescribed.Surgical intervention is performed to stabilize the structure of the spine, the removal of intervertebral hernias or completely affected discs.

Drug

The drug treatment of osteochondrosis should be comprehensive, to interrupt pain and eliminate other pronounced symptoms.To do this, use various groups of medicines:

1. Anti -Inflammatory non -esteroids.They are designed to eliminate inflammatory processes and all types of pain.They also relieve the swelling of the tissues.
2. Sedative. They are used to stop pain syndrome, but do not affect the pathological process itself.
3. Muscle relaxants.They are used to relieve muscle spasm in the spine, because the pain is visibly reduced.They act by blocking the receptors in the affected muscle fibers, as a result of which pulses' conductivity in the spinal cord is disturbed.The effect of these drugs is short duration, but during this period muscle fibers can return the normal tone and use their own mechanisms for protecting degenerative-distribution processes.
4. Group B vitamins D, A, E, C, phosphorus containing calcium containing medicines.Vitamin-mineral complexes are necessary for the replenishment of substances in the body involved in the formation of bone and cartilage, metabolic processes.
5. Condropoprotectors.
6. Vasodilative drugs.

In musculoskeletal pathologies, doctors recommend the use of chondroprotectors who have a cumulative effect and affect the human body after a while, helping to restore the intervertebral disc.Such medications use a long period, up to 2-3 months.In addition, chondroprotectors seriously carry the liver and organs of the gastrointestinal tract;Therefore, they should be combined with probiotics.

Probiotics

All these groups of medications can be used in various ways.With intense pain, injections are generally used for direct administration in the pathological area of the spine.In such cases, patients receive prescribed injections with chondroprotectors and the so -called novocaine blockade.Any means in the form of injections in the affected vertebra should be administered only by the assistant doctor, as this is a very difficult and dangerous procedure.Other pharmacological types of medications are also not uncontrollably recommended.The dosage and treatment regime should be determined by a specialist.

With less fear, ointments and gels can be used, but in this case there are certain restrictions.For example, local action heating agents cannot be used during periods of disease exacerbation.The most popular drugs in the form of ointments, gels and osteochondrosis creams include:

Exercise therapy

In the treatment of osteochondrosis, Physical Education (LFK) will be useful.Moderate physical activity can affect the beneficiary musculoskeletal system.They stimulate metabolic processes, restore the mobility of the spine spine, and strengthen muscle scarce.

The doctor should select the methodology and the therapeutic gymnastics diagram, as it is able to vary depending on which spine is subject to the pathological process.Therefore, it is desirable that the classes occur under the control of a specialist.After mastering the program, the treatment of physical therapy exercises can be continued at home.

For example, by diagnosing osteochondrosis in the cervical region, the following simple exercises are recommended:

1. Include your head forward and press the forehead area with your fingers.The patient needs to avoid pressure.A similar exercise is then performed, acting on the occipital part, the left and right temple.
2. Press the forehead with four fingers, as if stretching the skin for 45 seconds.The actions are performed in different directions.This exercise is designed to restore blood circulation.
3. Sit in a chair or on the floor, keep your back straight and gently back back.With your hands, you need to gently press your chin up and down.Then make the heads from the head to the left and right.
4. Try to take your chin from your chest.In this position you need to cross your hands on the back of the head and press it.In a stressful state, you need to take 1 minute and then run the shoulder movement, lifting them, trying to reach the ears.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

Drug treatment gives a good result if you combine it with physiotherapeutic procedures.Electromagnetic therapy, electrophoresis, ultrasonic therapy etc.They are useful for the condition of the vertebrae.Some types of procedures can be performed at home if you buy appropriate portable devices.Mineral waters and healing mud have beneficial effects.

In the absence of contraindications for massage, the patient can be visited by a manual therapist.In the treatment of osteochondrosis, reflex therapy sessions may be used - the effect on certain body points.At home, you can perform the self -massage.There are several techniques that contribute to the elimination of pain and muscle tonic:

• caressing the vertebral region with one or both hands;
• Crushing the muscles with circular or pinching movements, non -pushing tip tips;
• crushing the muscles with palm trees;
• direct elaboration of trapezoidal muscles;
• Longitudinal and blear squeezing massage lines;
• Rubbing the gaps between the ribs.

Popular remedies

To remove pain, you can use the means according to folklore recipes.The result of herbs and other natural compositions will appear only with its prolonged use.

Folk remedies are preferable compared to medicines, as the last with long use is able to seriously harm the intestines, liver and pancreas.Therefore, it is advisable to use non -traditional medicine methods after interrupting acute pain syndromes.The methods presented should be gradually replaced by medications when the doctor is recommended.

Several effective recipes can be observed:

1. Honey and potatoes.You need to get multiple potatoes, grind them into a grater, add the same amount of honey.The components should be completely mixed, place it and use it in the form of a compaction in a painful area.Application reconciliation should be wrapped with a handkerchief and left in this position for 1 hour.
2. Rabban.You should pick up a sheet of plant and steam with boiling water.It must be turned inside to the painful area and arrest it.The product should be securely fixed and wrapped in a handkerchief.The procedure should be performed at night and remove the dressing - only the next morning.
3. Hot bottle.It is necessary to drink plastic containers, pour hot water, put it on the couch and lie -with the back.It is advisable to try to move the bottle under it.The procedure should be performed for 30 minutes.
4. Parsley.It is necessary to eat for 30 days every day 1 root of the plant.
5. Pinheiros shoots.The subjects should be collected in the spring.The length of pine shoots should be 2 cm.It is necessary to rinse them and dry them.The raw materials should be ground and combined with sugar in proportions of 2: 1, then mix well and place in the refrigerator.The product will be ready when purchasing a rich brown tone.The mixture should be consumed by 1 tsp.per day for 3 weeks.

When using popular medicines, it is extremely careful to address procedures with a heating effect.Such actions can help to temporarily get rid of pain and inflammation, but are capable of harming.During periods of exacerbation of the disease, any warming is prohibited as they cause vascular expansion as a result of which swelling may occur.In such situations, you should apply for treatment for specialists.With osteochondrosis of the cervical region anyway, it is forbidden to warm the neck as this can cause a strong migraine.

Prevention

Each person must perform special measures designed to prevent the development of osteochondrosis.The main prevention measure is to comply with the proper posture during movement and in a sitting position.

It is advisable to get involved in physical education, contributing to the strengthening of the musculoskeletal system and the muscle score of the spine spine.

To sleep, you should choose specially designed orthopedic mattresses and pillows.Their advantage is that they allow you to repeat the physiological sketch of the spine spine.

The musculoskeletal system cannot be exposed to excessive loads.If necessary, raising weights, you need to use the correct technique.

Food nutrition should be observed.The diet should be balanced, make sure the normal operation of the gastrointestinal tract.You cannot use a large amount of caffeine, chocolate and alcohol.Food should be rich in proteins, calcium and other useful elements.