Arthrosis - What are these causes, signs, symptoms, degree and treatment of articulation of the joints

Articulation arthrosis is a complex dystrophic disease that is associated with the destruction of cartilage tissues within the joints.This pathological process is the most common joint disease in the world.Arthrosis manifests itself by pain, rigidity of the morning and limitation of mobility.The gradual progression of symptoms is characteristic, however, the rate of disease development may be different.

The diagnosis is made based on an anamnesis, clinical examination and radiography results.The treatment of arthrosis is generally conservative: exercise therapy, anti -inflammatory drugs, physicality, blockade, etc.

We will consider more detail what this disease is and how to treat it, we will consider it later in the article.

What is arthrosis?

Arthrosis are degenerative changes in the joint structure, which are accompanied by visible pain and deformation.The second name of the disease, which is used in the international classification - osteoarthritis.

The disease is characterized by slow progression, although it may be accelerated by some external factors.It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the human illness and its method of vital activity.

According to statistics, arthrosis is sick with 6.5 to 12% of the global population.Mainly people over 65 years old (62 to 85% of cases) suffer.There is a tendency to "rejuvenate" pathology: In different countries, about 30 to 35% of patients have people from 45 to 65 years and 2-3% of 20 to 45 years.

People who are poorly familiar with medicine think that arthritis and arthrosis are the same.In fact, it is not so, because in the first case the disease is acute inflammatory and in the second - a long and less pronounced chronic.

Types

The writing of arthrosis diagnosis may be different, although the essence of the disease is the same.Most of the time, the questions and misunderstandings of patients are related to various terminal arthrosis terms:

• Arterrosoarthritis is a classic arthrosis, in which an inflammatory process is pronounced;
• Osteoarthritis is absolutely the same as arthrosis;
• Deformation (osteoarthritis) - Late stages of the disease, which manifest themselves through the deformation and closure of the joint;
• COKSARROSIS - an abbreviated term that denotes hip joint injury;
• Gonarthrosis is an abbreviated term meaning "knee joint arthrosis";
• Spondylartrosis is the injury of arthrosis of the small articulations of the spine.

There are many varieties of this disease.Classification may occur based on the location of the affected areas and depending on the causes of the disease.

Types of arthrosis, depending on the location:

• Knee
• Hip joints
• Cervical
• Brachial
• Hands and fingers
• Column
• Ankle
• Primary

Depending on the number of joints involved, the following varieties are distinguished:

• Monoarthritis.
• OligoArtrosis - No more than 2 joints are affected.
• POLOARARTROSIS - involved in 3 joint groups.

The degree of damage to the articulation

Degree of arthrosis	Symptoms
1 degree	The first stage of arthrosis - there are no pronounced morphological changes, only the composition of synovial fluid is disturbed.The worse liquid supply to the cartilaginous tissue with nutrients, the resistance from cartilage to conventional loads decreases.Due to overload of joint surfaces, inflammation occurs, pain appears.
2 degree	The articulation is destroyed.Osteophytes are formed.Pain during cargo and movement becomes stronger, a characteristic crisis is heard in affected places.
3 degrees	This is the most severe stage of development of this disease.There is a pathological change in the places of the painful joints.Inflammation occurs.The patient feels rigidity when moving, as the muscles cannot contract and fulfill their functions.

Reasons

Arthrosis formation is facilitated by two causes - the load and absence of complete nutrition that provides vitamins, tissue restoration minerals.The joints of each person carry a load.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, the feet load is larger, which means that bone joints wear out faster and require high quality nutrition.With a calm lifestyle, the support device wears out slower, but also requires periodic tissue renewal.

Primary arthrosis

This type is more often associated with innate inferiority and trend of cartilage to damage and destruction as a result of metabolic disorders.The most common causes that cause this disease:

• hereditary and genetic;
• menopause;
• Frequent and, at first glance, minor injuries (eg, between athletes).

Secondary arthrosis

The secondary type usually deforms arthrosis and progresses against the bottom of a decrease in cartilage stability to the usual load.The development of this pathology is facilitated by:

• injuries;
• obesity;
• weakness of ligaments and muscles;
• arthritis.

With age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with every second retired.As the maximum load falls on the feet (one person moves - walks, remains, runs, jumps), this is where the first signs are formed.

Signs and symptoms of arthrosis

Arthrosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease can imperceptibly leak for years, only occasionally remembering joint pain in joint or clumsy movement.But it also happens that the disease develops rapidly for a severe stage in just a few months.

Anyway, it is important to remember that if you do not treat the disease, your symptoms will increase over time, worsening quality of life and in severe cases - leading to disability and immobilization.

Symptoms with articulation arthrosis:

• Pain.Painful sensations with arthrosis are pronounced, especially after various types of loads.When a person comes to a state of peace, after a while, uncomfortable sensations disappear.The location of the pain occurs directly at the place where changes in the usual structures of the body occurred.In some cases, pain in arthrosis may occur when a person rests, being completely relaxed.They appear very sharply and strongly, which can be compared to dental pain.Most of the time this happens in the morning.
• The second sign of arthrosis is a crisis, but you should not confuse this symptom with the usual click of the joints, which is found in almost everyone, and does not bring discomfort.A crisis in the disease is characterized by gross and dry sound, brings pain and severe discomfort.With the development of the disease, the symptom is becoming more distinct and painful.
• Reducing joint mobility.It is also considered one of the characteristic symptoms of arthrosis, but it already appears at the active progression of the disease.During the development of arthrosis, there is the growth/germination of bone neoplasms, which leads to spasms of muscle tissue, reducing the lumen in the joint bag - the restriction of movement in this place is guaranteed.
• Joint deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of bones and synovial fluid comes.Although deformation is one of the latest symptoms, when arthrosis reaches the articulation largely.
• Changes in muscle tone.At first, especially with intense pain, the periarticular muscles are reflexively tense.In the future, as motor activity is lost, the muscles atrophies.
• Skin manifestations.An optional sign.In the early stages, redness of the skin is possible in the projection of the joint.In the future, as arthrosis and muscle atrophy progresses, the skin becomes pale, dry, pigmented.

Articulations that arthrosis affects more often:	Less commonly suffered:
Knee Hip Brachial Column facet joints (spondylartrosis)	Ankle Small hand joints Rented Pulse

Complications

If arthrosis does not provide adequate attention, over time and not to treat correctly, it can lead not only to the complete destruction of the sick joint, but also to a change in spine biomechanics, which causes your hernias in intervertebral discs and the development of arthrosis in others are still healthy.

The danger of premature treatment of any kind of arthrosis lies in complications related to it, adverse consequences:

• The inflamed joints are deformed and gradually destroyed;
• The movements become restricted, joint mobility is partial or completely limited;
• The column is disturbed;
• The interdiscal hernias are formed;
• Neuralgia develops;
• The standard of life of the patient with arthrosis is reduced;
• The person is disabled.

Diagnosis

First of all, they try to see structural changes in the affected areas to evaluate their severity and prevalence.In addition, metabolic disorders in the body should be determined, which have become a favorable background for arthrosis.Therefore, the research set consists of the following events:

• Radiography.
• Magnetic resonance tomography.
• Ultrasound study.
• Arthroscopy.
• Biochemical blood tests (hormonal spectrum, inflammation markers, calcium metabolism, reumen).

Taking into consideration radiological characteristics, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumatology distinguish the following stages of arthrosis (Kellgren-Lawrence classification):

• Step 1 (doubtful arthrosis) - suspected joint gap narrowing, osteophytes are absent or available in a small amount.
• Step 2 (Soft) - Suspected joint gap narrowing, osteophytes are clearly defined.
• Stage 3 (moderate) - A clear narrowing of the joint gap, there are clearly expressed osteophytes, bone deformations are possible.
• Step 4 (severe arthrosis) - A pronounced narrowing of joint gap, large osteophytes, pronounced bone deformations and osteosclerosis.

Note: The course of the disease into consideration is very slow and, in the first stage, may not be characterized by any symptoms, and inconsistent joint pain and increased fatigue may be inherent to healthy people with great physical exertion.Therefore, independent arthrosis diagnosis is almost impossible.

How to treat articulation arthrosis

Principles of Arthrosis Treatment:

• eliminate excessive joint loads;
• Therapy with anti -inflammatory and analgesic pills.In addition, in complex therapy, chondroprotectors are actively used for arthrosis;
• Physical Education of Physiotherapy;
• sanatory treatment;
• Magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, shockwave therapy;
• intra -articular oxygen therapy;
• intraosseous block;
• It is important to choose the proper nutrition for arthrosis.

Medication methods

How to treat arthrosis with drugs?This problem is the most common among patients.The treatment is performed using three groups of medicines:

1. Condropoprotectors.The medicines of this group restore hyaline cartilage as they contain the components that are part of it.They are recommended by all patients in the form of a long -term article (courses from 3 to 4 months 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
2. Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of medicines is more effective during the period of arthrosis exacerbation.Most of the time, intramuscular injections are made.But a similar category of drugs in pharmacies is also represented in the form of plasies, ointments - they are used only externally, you can expect a very fast and powerful effect.
3. The use of non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
4. Injections.Injection drugs quickly interrupt pain, reduce active symptoms.Intravenous, intravenous or intra -articular administration of the drug should be performed only by a medical worker.These funds are not able to save the patient from the cause of disease development, but effectively reduce their negative manifestations.

Of other medicines for the treatment of arthrosis, medicines are used:

• improve blood in the joints;
• improve the supply of oxygen joint tissues - vitamins "B";
• Act on metabolism in cartilage;
• desensitizing agents that reduce body reactivity;
• Synthetic hormones of the adrenal glands.

Surgical treatment

Surgical methods imply two ways to solve the problem:

1. Arthroscopy is an operation performed in a painful joint.Through The Puncture, Special Needle is Introduced, Which Removes The Damaged Areas and Polishes The Affected Area.
2. Prostheses is a complex operation, which consists of removing damaged joints and incorporating a new one.Modern orthopedics has advanced a lot, releasing new enhanced prostheses that are extremely rarely rejected by the body, and its wear and tear causes no discomfort.

Arthrosis Exercise Therapy

Medical Physical Education is used for arthrosis in the subacute stage.The main tasks of exercise therapy:

• orthopedic correction (elimination of defects of affected limbs);
• decreased static load at the joints;
• Improving articulation mobility or prevention of its deterioration.

Digoen Gymnastics and a set of exercises for indescribable muscles and joints are performed.The exercises for the affected joints are performed in a lying position, on the side or back, sitting.They are alternated with breathing exercises that help relax the muscles.The patient performs movements in the affected joint independently or with the help of an instructor.

During classes, the appearance of pain should not be allowed.The exercises are performed slowly and only after the elimination of acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which can cause unpleasant sensations.

Physical education should be involved in the supervision of a doctor and, after purchasing the necessary skills, you can start exercises at home.

Physiotherapy and Manual Therapy

The use of these treatment methods provides very good results in the early stages of arthrosis.

1. Manual treatment should be performed only by an experienced doctor who was proved to treat joint pathologies.For example, in the treatment of knee joint arthrosis, manual therapy, along with limb extraction, intra -articular injections and chondroprotectors can rapidly place the patient on the feet.
2. Physiotherapy is used as auxiliary treatment to accelerate the rehab period.Its main objective is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Procedures such as: laser and cryotherapy, heat-ozockeita treatment, mud baths, paraffin therapy and UOFs are widely used.

Food and Diet

Diet with joint arthrosis aims to correct metabolic processes, body weight, prevent irreversible changes in joint hyaline cartilage, a decrease in the inflammatory process and strengthening the joint structures of the connective tissue.There is no special diet with articulation arthrosis.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:

1. Food should be physiologically full and balanced with a high content of vitamins and minerals.The energy value of the diet for patients with normal weight should correspond to the average value of daily energy consumption and not exceed.
2. The use of salt is limited to 5-8 g/day, as well as salty products (salting, canned foods, chips, salty fish).
3. The use of free fluid should be increased to 2-2.5 L/day.
4. It is necessary to delete product processing using frying.The food should be baked, steamed, cook or stew.
5. You need to change to frequent and fractional nutrition.
6. Food should be taken in small portions, which will exclude too much and weight gain.

With arthrosis, the use of an extreme diet is prohibited.As in this type of diet the body expels a large amount of fluid, which in turn washed calcium and potassium from bones and joints.

Useful Products:

• Fish and seafood, walnuts, linen oil, as a source of omega - 3.
• Low fat and jam.
• Products rich in vitamin E, D, C, A and groups B. They are fresh fruits, vegetables and berries.It is especially useful to use: beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, blueberries, vegetables, bananas, oranges, apples and whole bread.
• Ginger and other spices.
• Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
• Newly -preceded useful juices.

Prohibited Products:

• Fast food, sausage products, semi -agreed products, chips and all refined products.
• Great meat.
• Sdoba, white bread, sugar.
• Fat dairy, salty cheeses.
• Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
• White rice, semolina.
• Marinades, conservation, salting.
• Alcohol, energy, soda.

Folklore methods of treatment

Before using popular remedies for arthrosis, consult your assistant doctor.

1. Knead the Nertiga and Juniper berries in a homogeneous mass.Connect with butter 1: 3. To relieve pain, rub the painful joints up to 3 times a day.
2. The roots, flowers or branches of a black beader.Pour 1 tablespoon.Spoon of materials with 1 glass of boiling water.Insist, wrap, 3 hours and then strain.Drink 1/4 cup up to 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
3. Boil 10 g bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Get out for five hours.Drink from time to time in small sips all day.Three days we are dealing with, we rested for five and then we are treated for three days.
4. Mustard compresses with honey.Mix mustard powder with honey and add an egg.Place the ointment resulting in the gauze and apply to the painful point.
5. Complex compaction.Cut the cabbage cut lightly into pieces and pass through the squeeze.Moisten the natural fabric of wool in the juice and attach to the painful point.
6. A series is another excellent remedy for the treatment of arthrosis.Boil in 250 ml of boiling water 2 tablespoons of a series.After 20 minutes, the decoction is ready.Take 2 spoons three times a day before meals.The course is 30 days.
7. The ointment of chamomile, calêndula and bardean deals well with pain, relieves inflammation.For your preparation, you need to mix quantities like chamomile flowers, calêndula, bardan root, connect herbs with Vaseline and go out for 1-2 days.Use bass pain ointment up to 5 times a day.
8. In boiling water, place the equal parts of willow peel, birchs and calendula flowers.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes and let it prepare under the lid of the same amount.You need to take a cool decoction 200 ml half an hour before meals.

Prevention

In a decrease in the risk of arthrosis, the following moments play an important role:

• get rid of extra pounds;
• Treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies;
• Active movement throughout life;
• Proper nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
• Avoiding joint hypothermia;
• A healthy lifestyle with the right regime.